How can France become a leader in innovation?
Xi Jinping’s era is marked by centralized power and surveillance, with China aiming for “socialist modernization” by 2035. While pursuing tech self-sufficiency and national security, challenges like demographic decline and economic strain persist. Taiwan's "reunification" and a zero-sum trade approach drive tensions. Four scenarios for China’s future emerge: dominance with minimal foreign pushback, fragmented resistance preserving balance, a unified global challenge, or a major conflict over Taiwan reshaping global power dynamics. Global unity will be crucial to influence China’s trajectory by 2035.
This report analyzes the future of the EU's Clean Industrial Deal and the place of European industry in a post-carbon world. Based on over 500 interviews, it compares decarbonization strategies and puts forward recommendations for strengthening European competitiveness.
Security in West Africa: Building On Agricultural Cooperation
The security crisis in West Africa, driven by the presence of jihadist groups in the region, is a major concern for the affected states, the safety of local populations, as well as for France and Europe.
Extraterritoriality is on the increase, particularly in China. Under Xi Jinping, China uses this practice to defend itself against external interference, legitimise its foreign policy and extend its security agenda. Although it is exploring a more offensive approach, its use will depend on the strategic calculations of China's leaders, particularly in the face of international tensions. The European Union must be prepared to respond, in particular by using access to the European market as a deterrent.
Extraterritoriality, widely used by the United States, combines the fight against global threats with the reinforcement of its economic domination. Faced with US sanctions, Europe sees its sovereignty under threat and must integrate this reality into its economic strategy. How can Europe react?
Energy will be at the heart of the new European Commission’s mandate. What are the obstacles to achieving carbon neutrality by 2050? This first note focuses on the evolution of the European energy–climate governance.
Biodiversity, essential to the global economy, is under threat. Given the urgency of the situation, collective action is crucial. Institut Montaigne proposes six recommendations for better integrating biodiversity into economic models, through legislative frameworks and innovations.